Royal jelly is a kind of bee product with quite complex components. Its chemical composition varies with bee species, age, season, and pollen plants.
Generally speaking, its ingredients are: water 64.5-69.5%, crude protein 11-14.5%, carbohydrates 13-15%, lipids 6.0%, minerals 0.4-2%, undetermined substances 2.84-3.0%.
Protein accounts for about 50% of the dry matter of royal jelly, of which 2/3 is albumin and 1/3 is globulin. There are more than 12 kinds of proteins in royal jelly, in addition to many small peptides.
Amino acids account for about 1.8% of the dry weight of royal jelly. The eight essential amino acids needed by the human body are all present in royal jelly. Among them, the highest content of proline accounts for about 63%, which is an amino acid.
Royal jelly contains nucleic acid, of which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 201-223 micrograms/gram is significant weight, and ribonucleic acid is 3.9-4.9 mg/gram significant weight.
Royal jelly contains 20%-30% (dry weight) of sugars, which roughly contains 52% fructose, 45% glucose, 1% sucrose, 1% maltose, and 1% gentiobiose.
Royal jelly contains more vitamins, especially B vitamins. In addition, there are mainly: thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), vitamin B12, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, inositol, vitamin C, vitamin D, etc., among which pantothenic acid The highest content.
Royal jelly contains more than 26 fatty acids, 12 of which have been identified. They are 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), decanoic acid, nonanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and decanoic acid. Tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), myristic acid, palmitic acid (palmitic acid), octadecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, arachidic acid and linoleic acid, among which 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid , The content is more than 1.4%. Since only royal jelly contains this substance in nature, it is also called royal jelly acid.
Royal jelly contains 9 sterol compounds, three of which have been identified, they are stigmasterol, cholesterol, and sitosterol. It also contains minerals such as iron, copper, magnesium, zinc, potassium, and sodium.
